Database queries are the primary cause of slow backend response times. Implementing proper indexing strategies and connection pooling prevents server thread starvation.
1. Indexing Optimization Checklist
- Composite B-Tree Indexes: Match multi-column query filtering patterns to avoid expensive sequential table scans.
- PostgreSQL GIN Full-Text Indexing: Enables instant lexical search without the operational overhead of running a separate Elasticsearch cluster.
- Connection Pooling with PgBouncer: Reuses active database connections, eliminating the 30ms latency cost of initializing new PostgreSQL processes.